Field Experiments in Class Size from the Early Twentieth Century

Field Experiments in Class Size from the Early Twentieth Century

Global Warming? The Early Twentieth Century

As man is now changing the composition of the atmosphere at a rate which must be very exceptional on the geological time scale, it is natural to seek for the probable effects of such a change. From the best laboratory observations it appears that the principal result of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide would be a gradual increase in the mean temperature of the colder regions of the earth. ...

From the Seventeenth Century to the Early Twentieth Century: the Emergence of Social Policy in Ireland

This chapter sketches the key features of the emergence of social policy in Ireland. This spans early state and charitable activity in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, through to the more extensive social policy measures and provisions which emerged during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, before Ireland gained independence in 1921. The chapter documents the themes of care ...

Muslim Intellectuals and the Perennial Philosophy in the Twentieth Century

This paper will examine how Muslim intellectuals, as a result of their attachment to the doctrine of Divine Unity (taw¤hīd), the Quran, Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad, and the doctrines and methods of Sufism, were largely responsible for the restating of the perennial philosophy in the West in the twentieth century. The article consists of four sections: an introduction to the term 'philosophia...

Paul Kammerer's Experiments on Sea-squirts in the Early Twentieth Century

In the early twentieth century, Paul Kammerer, a zoologist working at the Vivarium in Vienna, Austria, experimented on sea-squirts (Ciona intestinalis [2]). Kammerer claimed that results from his experiments demonstrated that organisms could transmit characteristics that they had acquired in their lifetimes to their offspring. Kammerer conducted breeding experiments on sea-squirts and other org...